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2018广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）
英 语 2018.04
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分
第I卷
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Zoo Exhibit Game
Each animal exhibit will haven formation about the animal located there. You will get to learn about each animal's habitat, their conservation status and some other quick facts. As you explore the zoo check off all the endangered animals you discover from the list below. Find them all and win a free T-shirt
o Mountain Gorilla
o Chinese Alligator
o Snow Leopard
o white-winged Wood Duck
o Red Panda
o Giant Turtle
o Koala
o Tree Kangaroo
o Red wolf
o Tiger Snake
Zoo Manners
The zoo is a smoke free area No balloons, balls, bikes, or roller skates allowed. Pets are not allowed- excepting guide dogs for blind
Stay on the pathways and do not place children on railing. Do not throw anything into the animal exhibits. Please help our conservation efforts by depositing trash and recyclables properly.
Lost Persons
If separated from your group ask any zoo employee or security guard for immediate assistance, or go directly to the Administration Building reception desk
Facilities and Services
Enjoy a delicious meal at one of our two animal-themed café restaurants. Our Visitor Centre offers cards, books and toys so you can always remember you day at the zoo. There is also an hourly animal presentation
21. How can a person get a
free t-shirt at the zoo?
A Follow all the zoo rules
B. Visit all the zoo's exhibits
C. Bring along another guest
D Identify all the animals in danger.
22. Where should a lost person go for help?
A. Main Entrance
B. Visitor Centre
C. Administration Building.
D Nursing Centre.
23. Which of the following is allowed at the zoo?
A Riding your bike
B Taking your camera
C. Feeding the animals
D Smoking cigarettes
B
I saw it first, Amy said, as she ripped the old leather wallet out of Charlies hands. Without saying a word, as if they both understood that this was a secret they didn’t want to share with anyone, they slipped into the alley, where no one could see them look inside
"There's got to be a million dollars here! "Charlie blurted out, when they saw the pile of hundred- dollar bills. Amy, the more realistic of the two, did a quick estimate, thumbing through the wad of cash. "More like thousands” she said, her voice shaking in disbelief.
They'd found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewalk, when Charlie dropped his cell phone while he was trying to talk and eat a slice of pepperoni pizza at the same time. Amy stuffed the wallet into her backpack and pulled Charlie along by his elbow toward her house. As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue, they talked excitedly about what they could do with the money-buy gifts for parents and friends, get new clothes, travel to the rainforest in Costa Rica, and adopt a whale. It looked like all of their dreams would come true. For the last block, however, they didn’t talk. Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of things they could buy.
They finally reached Amy s house, but instead of going inside, they walked around the house to the back porch. They opened the wallet and counted the money into piles of ten. The total wasS2400- more money than either of them had ever seen. Then they both started talking at once. "I wonder who lost it "Their moods shifted, sinking from the high of being rich for fifteen minutes to resigning themselves to what they must do next. For in the wallet's clear plastic compartment, there was a driver's license. They knew what they had to do. Although they would lose their newly-found treasure, in a way, they felt relieved.
24. Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet?
A. In an alley B In a backpack
C. Among some flowers D On the sidewalk
25. In paragraph 2, why was Amy’s voice shaking?
A. She was afraid that they would be seen by others
B. She was disappointed there wasn't a million dollars
C. She was fearful that Charlie would tell someone else
D. She felt nervous because she'd never seen so much money
26. On their way to Amy’s house, the children's mood changed from
A excited to suspicious
B. happy to angry
C relieved to worried
D. nervous to disappointed
27. What did the children decide to do at the end of the story?
A. To keep the money a secret from others
B. To return the wallet to its rightful owner
C. To put the wallet back where they found it.
D. To buy many different things with the money.
C
An article published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature sheds new light on an important, but up-to-now little appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that being able to run was the necessary condition for the development of our species which enabled us to come down from the trees. This challenges traditional scientific thinking, which claims that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or deer. However, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over short distances. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can keep a steady pace for many kilometres, and their overall speed is at least the same as that of horses or dogs
Bramble and Lieberman examined 26 physical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament(项韧带). When we run, this ligament prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, such as apes and monkeys. Then there are our Achilles tendons (跟腱) at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones — and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders virtually disconnected from our skulls(颅骨), a physical development which allows us to run more efficiently.
But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? Perhaps it permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. "What these features and facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other meat-eating animals for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today," says Lieberman. Some scientists put forward the theory that early humans chased animals for great distances in order to exhaust them before killing them.
"Research on the history of humans' ability to move has traditionally been controversial, " says Lieberman. "At the very least, I believe this theory will motivate many researchers to reevaluate and further investigate how humans learned to run and walk and why we are built the way we are. "
28. In paragraph 1, what do the two professors suggest about humans' ability to run?
A. It is an evolutionary by-product of walking.
B. It helps to form people's ability to climb trees.
C. It has played an important role in human evolution.
D. It has not been adequately studied by scientists before.
29. What is true about the physical characteristics examined by the professors?
A. Achilles tendons assist people to walk long distances.
B. The human skull helps people to run more efficiently.
C. people's shoulders allow them to look from side to side.
D. The nuchal ligament enables people to hold their head steady.
30. According to paragraph 3, scientists believe that early humans_________.
A. always came across dangerous situations in life
B. ran after animals for long distances when hunting
C often failed to find food because they couldn't run fast
D developed their hunting skills by running long distances
31. Professor Lieberman thinks the new theory will _________.
A completely explain how running developed
B revolutionize the theory of human evolution
C. encourage more in-depth studies on the topic
D. be widely supported within the scientific community
D
Scientists have solved the mystery of why the overwhelming majority of mammoth fossils(化石)are male.
Much like wild elephants today, young male Ice Age mammoths probably travelled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations where they were swept into rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes that preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.
Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who knew the landscape and directed her group away from danger.
"Without the benefit of living in a herd led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, rock cracks and lakes, "said co-author Love Dalen of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.
The study used genetic data to determine the sex of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birth
"We were very surprised because there was no reason to expect a sex bias in the fossil record," said first author Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Natural History.
Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.
Most bones, tusks, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals haven't survived," explained Dalen
"It is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering."
These giant, tusked plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.
32. The underlined word "matriarch" in paragraph 3 means _______.
A. figure headB. female leader
C experienced animalD. mature mammoth
33. Why do the majority of mammoth fossils come from male animals?
A. Scientists find it easier to study male fossilized bones.
B. There were more male mammoths in comparison to females
C Male mammoths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.
D. Male mammoths more frequently died in places where fossils could form.
34. Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?
A. The increasing competition for food.
B. The cooling of the earth's temperature.
C. The disappearance of male mammoths.
D The risky behaviour of younger mammoths.
35. What is the text type of the passage?
A. A newspaper article.B. An academic essay.
C. A historical description.D. A science fiction story.
第二节 （共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mary went through a personal experience 40 years ago that changed her life path and established her connection with Chinese herbal medicine.
Still childless after 13 years of marriage, Mary longed to become a mother. For years she travelled from country to country and visited top experts in the field, but without success. _____36_____. However, her Chinese herbalist grandmother gave her hope through a herbal treatment.
After three and a half years she became pregnant. ______37_______ The expectant mother’s delight was shared by the rest of her family too. This was the point when she made up her mind to carry on her grandmother’s work and devote her life to herbal medicine research, development and promotion. To this end, she invested in a large herbal garden in the suburbs of Jakarta, where more than 30,000 plants are grown. ______38________.
Through the application of great effort and resources over many, many years, Mary’s career has developed vigorously, as has her garden. _____39______ When she was asked whether is was worthwhile to have devoted so much of her life to this research, she firmly responded, “What I have done is to fulfill a promise I once made. More importantly, I want to bring Chinese herbal medicine to all those in need. _____40_____”
A. More than 7,000 of these can be used as medicines.
B. The moment the news was confirmed, she burst into tears of happiness.
C. I believe it can help relieve pain and enable the sick to regain their hope of life.
D. Mary decided to make great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.
E. The heartbreak and disappointment was so great that she came close to giving up.
F. I’m so happy that the local people like to use Chinese medicine for treatment.
G. Although she is now 80 years old, she is still committed to the study of Chinese herbal medicine
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
The way in which children learn is an ever-growing area of study. It is 41 that children differ from adult learners in many ways, but what is interesting is that there are also quite a number of unexpected 42 across learners of all ages
For much of the 20th century, most psychologists 43 the traditional theory that a newborns mind is a/an 44 sheet of paper upon which the record of experience is gradually impressed. During that time, scientists believed that oral 45 was necessary for abstract thought. In its 46 , scientists assumed that a baby could not have 47 of abstract concepts. As babies are born with a/an 48 range of behaviors and spend most of their early months sleeping, they certainly appear passive and 49 . Therefore, it was commonly thought that babies 50 the ability to form complex ideas. Until recently, there was no obvious way for babies to prove anything to the ___51___ to the researcher
In time, however, challenges to this 52 arose. It became clear that with 53 designed scientific procedures, psychologists could find ways to 54 rather complex question about how much infants and young children know and what 55 they have. Psychologists began to employ new methods to 56 a large amount of data about the remarkable abilities that young children 57 . Their research findings stood in great contrast to the earlier 58 in the field that focused almost 59 on what children lacked. The 60 of young children came to life through this research. It became clear that very young children are both competent and active when it comes to their mental development.
41. A doubtful B. necessary C obvious D. surprising
42. A. examples B. personalities C possibilities D. commonalities
43. A accepted B. resisted C. studied D replaced
44. A. accessible B blank C. concrete D. dark
45.A. agreement B. communication C. suggestion D. treatment
46. A absence B. disappearance C. return D. sense
47. A adaption B. burden C. comprehension D. satisfaction
48. A. averaged B. unexpected C. limited D reasonable
49. A. confident B unbelievable C. lovely D. unaware
50. A. learn B. require C. lack D. remember
51. A contrary B good C. equal D. truth
52. A. action B. proof C. problem D. view
53. A automatically B carefully C. naturally D. similarly
54. A. take away B. show off C. turn down D put forward
55. A advantages B. abilities C feelings D. reasons
56. A. collect B. mark C. restrict D support
57. A. find B. process C recognize D. lose
58. A. scientists B questions C. studies D. traditions
59. A. entirely B highly C relatively D. slightly
60. A. difference B. focus C. idea D. mind
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 英语
知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Throughout history, people have thought of the ocean as a diverse and limitless source of food. Yet today there is clear evidence that the oceans have a limit. Most of the big fish in our oceans are now 61 (go). One major cause is overfishing. People are taking so many fish from the sea that many species cannot replace 62 (they)
For centuries, local fishermen caught only enough fish for their own and their community's needs. However, from the early 20th century, people around the world became interested 63 consuming protein-rich foods, People began 64 (catch)large quantities of fish for profit and selling them to worldwide markets. In a very short period of time, commercial fishing 65 (great) reduced the number of large predatory fish, such as cod and tuna.
Today, there are still plenty of fish in the sea, 66 they're mostly just the little ones. Small fish, 67 include sardines and anchovies, have more than doubled in number- largely because there are not enough big fish 68 (eat)them
Such large fish 69 (be) necessary, because they hunt and kill the sick and weak smaller fish. Without this weeding out, or survival of the fittest, ecosystems become less stable. As a result, fish are less able to survive 70 (difficult) such as pollution, environmental change, or changes in the food supply.
第四部分 写作（共两节 满分35）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Daniel was born with a brain disorder. Because of it, he was differently from other children. As a boy, he likes to play alone and acted strangely. To many of his classmate, Daniel seemed unusual and we laughed at him. This hurt Daniel deeply, but he became very shy
As a teenager, things were changed. Daniel found he could solve difficult maths problems almost instantly. He also discovered other talent: he could learn to speak a language very quickly. Today, he is fluent in twelfth languages.
As adult. Daniel has overcome his shyness. He has written two books and now he travels constantly to talk to people with his life
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华。英国姊妹学校将来你校进行文化交流,你将作为学生代表在欢迎仪式上发言。请用英语写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.表示欢迎
2.介绍一项中国传统文化;
3.表达祝愿
注意：
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯
英语参考答案
阅读理解
21-23 DCB 24-27 CDAB 28-31 CDBC 32-35 BDAA 36-40 EBAGC
完形填空
41-45 CDABB 46-50 ACCDC 51-55 ADBDB 56-60 ABCAD
语法填空
61gone 62 themselves 63 in 64 catching 65 greatly 66 but
67 which 68 to eat 69 are 70 difficulties
短文改错
1 differently--different 2 likes--liked 3 classmate--classmates
4 we--they 5 but--and/so 6 删除were 7 other--another 8 twelfth--twelve 9 adult前添加an 10 with--about
书面表达
Good morning everyone! My name is Li Hua and it’s my great pleasure to welcome our guests from our UK sister school. It's exciting to meet so many new friends.
As this is a cultural exchange program, I'd like to talk briefly about aspects of Chinese traditional culture, specifically Chinese painting. Traditional Chinese painting known as “Guo Hua”, is an enduring art form with a 2000-year-long history. In contrast to western oil painting, it’s usually done on rice paper(宣纸) or thin silk, using various brushes and black or colored ink. With subjects ranging from landscapes to flora and fauna(动植物), these paintings not only reflect the Chinese conception of artistic beauty but also embody the principles of Chinese philosophical thinking. We're planning several visits to our city’s art galleries so you can see for yourself.
I hope you’ll have a fantastic time during your stay with us and enjoy the activities we have organized.
Thank you.
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